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聚焦7月,新疆棉花管理秘籍
2024-07-14 11:22:19
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引言:

新疆是我國重要的棉花產(chǎn)區(qū),棉花種植對于當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和農(nóng)民收入具有重要意義。7 月是棉花生長的關(guān)鍵時期,此時的管理措施直接影響著棉花的產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)。


新疆7月氣候特點


7 月新疆氣溫較高,平均氣溫在 25℃以上,有利于棉花的生長和發(fā)育,但高溫也可能導(dǎo)致棉花蕾鈴脫落。

7 月降水相對較少,部分地區(qū)可能出現(xiàn)干旱,需要合理灌溉以滿足棉花生長的水分需求。

充足的光照條件為棉花光合作用提供了良好的環(huán)境,但強光照也可能對棉花造成一定的脅迫。


棉花7月生長特點


7 月棉花植株營養(yǎng)生長與生殖生長齊頭并進(jìn),需要合理調(diào)配養(yǎng)分供應(yīng)。

此時是棉花蕾鈴形成的高峰期,對養(yǎng)分和水分的需求急劇增加。


7月棉花管理的主要措施



一、病蟲害防治



棉蚜

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發(fā)生特點:繁殖速度快,易在高溫干旱條件下爆發(fā)。

防治方法:可使用啶蟲脒、吡蟲啉等藥劑進(jìn)行噴霧防治。例如,在棉蚜發(fā)生初期,使用 10%吡蟲啉可濕性粉劑 2000 倍液進(jìn)行噴霧,每隔 7 - 10 天噴一次,連續(xù)噴 2 - 3 次。


棉鈴蟲

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發(fā)生特點:幼蟲蛀食棉鈴,造成大量落鈴。

防治方法:利用性誘劑誘捕成蟲,或在幼蟲孵化盛期使用甲維鹽、氯蟲苯甲酰胺等藥劑噴霧防治。如使用 5%甲維鹽水分散粒劑 3000 倍液噴霧。


 枯黃萎病

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發(fā)生特點:土傳病害,在高溫高濕條件下易發(fā)病。

防治方法:選用抗病品種,合理輪作,發(fā)病初期可用多菌靈、甲基硫菌靈等藥劑灌根。例如,用 50%多菌靈可濕性粉劑 500 倍液灌根,每株灌藥液 250 - 500 毫升。


二、水肥管理


 施肥

重施花鈴肥:根據(jù)棉花長勢,每畝可選擇施用赫蔓系列、施芬滿意系列、或愛萊沃系列大量元素水溶肥料1-2kg,可根據(jù)長勢情況增施司普沃其他功效肥料,可有效促進(jìn)棉花花鈴多,雙蕾多。

另外,可以補施葉面肥:噴施磷酸二氫鉀、硼肥等,提高棉花的結(jié)鈴率。

司普沃產(chǎn)品多樣,不同土壤問題、作物生長問題都有針對性解決方案,專肥專用更具針對性,使用效果更突出!


澆水

灌溉頻率:根據(jù)土壤墑情,每隔 7 - 10 天澆水一次,保持田間持水量在 60% - 70%。

灌溉方式:采用滴灌或溝灌,避免大水漫灌。



三、整枝打頂


打頂時間:一般在 7 月中旬進(jìn)行,當(dāng)棉花主莖有 7 - 8 個果枝時及時打頂。


操作方法:去除主莖頂端生長點,控制棉花株高,促進(jìn)養(yǎng)分向蕾鈴輸送。


四、化學(xué)調(diào)控


在棉花種植中,化控通常指的是通過化學(xué)手段調(diào)節(jié)棉花的生長,以控制其高度、株型、開花和結(jié)果等。這種調(diào)節(jié)是基于棉花生長的特點和需要,以及種植者的目標(biāo)來確定的。


然而,一些種植者擔(dān)心化控會使棉花生長受限甚至停止,這源于對化控技術(shù)的誤解或過度擔(dān)憂。


實際上,合理化控能優(yōu)化棉花生長結(jié)構(gòu),提高光能利用率,增強抗性,實現(xiàn)穩(wěn)產(chǎn)增產(chǎn)。為確保棉花穩(wěn)健生長,應(yīng)采取“少量多次勤控”的策略,即根據(jù)生長情況和需要適時適量化控,多次輕度調(diào)節(jié),避免一次性過度調(diào)節(jié)的不良影響。


調(diào)控藥劑:

使用縮節(jié)胺等植物生長調(diào)節(jié)劑,根據(jù)棉花長勢和天氣情況,合理調(diào)整用藥劑量。


注意!田間管理小技巧


1、及時中耕除草
疏松土壤,提高土壤透氣性,減少雜草與棉花爭肥爭水。


2、加強田間監(jiān)測
定期觀察棉花生長情況,及時發(fā)現(xiàn)問題并采取相應(yīng)措施。


3、注意農(nóng)藥安全使用
嚴(yán)格按照農(nóng)藥說明書使用,遵守安全間隔期,防止農(nóng)藥殘留超標(biāo)。


7 月是新疆棉花生長的關(guān)鍵時期,科學(xué)合理的管理措施對于提高棉花產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)至關(guān)重要。種植者應(yīng)根據(jù)當(dāng)?shù)氐臍夂驐l件和棉花生長狀況,做好病蟲害防治、水肥管理、整枝打頂和化學(xué)調(diào)控等工作,為棉花的豐收奠定堅實基礎(chǔ)。



英文版|English version

Focus on July: Secrets of Xinjiang Cotton Management


Introduction:
Xinjiang is an important cotton-producing area in China. Cotton planting is of great significance to the local economic development and farmers' income. July is a critical period for cotton growth, and the management measures during this time directly affect the yield and quality of cotton.


Climate Characteristics of Xinjiang in July


The temperature in Xinjiang is relatively high in July, with an average temperature above 25°C, which is conducive to the growth and development of cotton. However, high temperatures may also lead to the shedding of cotton buds and bolls.
Precipitation is relatively low in July, and drought may occur in some areas. Reasonable irrigation is needed to meet the water requirements of cotton growth.
Sufficient light conditions provide a good environment for cotton photosynthesis, but strong light may also cause certain stress to cotton.


Growth Characteristics of Cotton in July
In July, the vegetative growth and reproductive growth of cotton plants proceed simultaneously, and a reasonable allocation of nutrient supply is required.
This is the peak period for the formation of cotton buds and bolls, and the demand for nutrients and water increases sharply.


Main Management Measures for Cotton in July


(I) Pest and Disease Control

Cotton aphids
Occurrence characteristics: They reproduce rapidly and are prone to outbreaks under high-temperature and drought conditions.
Control methods: Agents such as acetamiprid and imidacloprid can be used for spray control. For example, in the early stage of cotton aphid occurrence, use a 2000-fold solution of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder for spraying, once every 7 - 10 days, for 2 - 3 consecutive times.

Cotton bollworm
Occurrence characteristics: The larvae bore into cotton bolls, causing a large number of bolls to fall.
Control methods: Use sex pheromone traps to catch adults, or use agents such as emamectin benzoate and chlorantraniliprole for spray control during the peak hatching period of larvae. For example, use a 3000-fold solution of 5% emamectin benzoate water-dispersible granules for spraying.

Fusarium wilt and Verticillium wilt
Occurrence characteristics: Soil-borne diseases that are prone to occur under high-temperature and high-humidity conditions.
Control methods: Select disease-resistant varieties, conduct reasonable crop rotation, and use agents such as carbendazim and thiophanate-methyl for root irrigation at the early stage of disease occurrence. For example, use a 500-fold solution of 50% carbendazim wettable powder for root irrigation, with 250 - 500 milliliters of liquid per plant.




(II) Water and Fertilizer Management


Fertilization


Emphasis on flowering and boll-forming fertilizer: Depending on the growth status of cotton, 1-2 kg of high-analysis water-soluble fertilizers from the series of Hermang, Shifenyimanyi, or Ailaiwo can be selected for application per acre. Other functional fertilizers from Sipuwo can be applied in addition based on the growth conditions, which can effectively promote the production of more flowers and bolls with more double buds.


Additionally, foliar fertilizers can be supplemented: Spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate, boron fertilizer, etc., can improve the boll-setting rate of cotton.


Sipuwo offers a wide range of products, and each soil problem or crop growth issue has a targeted solution. Using specialized fertilizers with a higher degree of targeting leads to more outstanding results!



Watering
Irrigation frequency: Water once every 7 - 10 days based on soil moisture conditions to maintain the field water holding capacity at 60% - 70%.
Irrigation method: Adopt drip irrigation or furrow irrigation to avoid flood irrigation.


(III) Pruning and Topping


Topping time
It is generally carried out in mid-July. Topping should be done in time when there are 7 - 8 fruit branches on the main stem of cotton.
Operation method
Remove the growth point at the top of the main stem to control the height of the cotton plant and promote the transportation of nutrients to the buds and bolls.


(IV) Chemical Regulation


In cotton planting, chemical control usually refers to regulating the growth of cotton through chemical means to control its height, plant type, flowering, and fruiting. This regulation is determined based on the characteristics and needs of cotton growth, as well as the goals of growers.


However, some growers are worried that chemical control will limit or even stop the growth of cotton, which stems from misunderstandings or excessive concerns about chemical control technology.


In fact, reasonable chemical control can optimize the growth structure of cotton, improve light energy utilization rate, enhance resistance, and achieve stable and increased yields. To ensure the steady growth of cotton, the strategy of "small amounts, multiple times, and frequent control" should be adopted, that is, timely and appropriately control according to the growth situation and needs, and make multiple mild adjustments to avoid the adverse effects of one-time excessive adjustment.


Regulation agents:
Use plant growth regulators such as mepiquat chloride, and adjust the dosage of the drug reasonably according to the growth of cotton and weather conditions.


Attention! Field Management Tips


Timely intertillage and weeding
Loosen the soil, improve soil permeability, and reduce competition for fertilizer and water between weeds and cotton.

Strengthen field monitoring
Regularly observe the growth of cotton, discover problems in time, and take corresponding measures.

Pay attention to the safe use of pesticides
Use strictly in accordance with the pesticide manual, observe the safety interval, and prevent excessive pesticide residues.


July is a critical period for the growth of cotton in Xinjiang. Scientific and reasonable management measures are crucial for improving the yield and quality of cotton. Growers should do a good job in pest and disease control, water and fertilizer management, pruning and topping, and chemical regulation based on local climate conditions and the growth status of cotton, laying a solid foundation for a bumper cotton harvest.






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